Background: Traditionally, markets in Indonesia were not just places to trade goods and services, but also a place of cultural and social exchange. In the ancient days, markets open once a week (the Javanese calendar only has 5 days in a week; Pahing, Pon, Wage, Kliwon, and Legi) because the population was not as dense as today. The day on which the market is open is known as “dina pasaran” (market day). More over, every village had their own market day. This meant that anyone from a particular village, who …

When thinking about an impact of a place that is of a city scale, with many functions and means of usage, we think about an urban space. Particularly in this 2000 year-old city; Bonn, there is the need of the whole urban scale to congregate at one point and through tradition; Germans have been used to using Marktplatz as an urban space even for political reasons.

The lay out of the square is quite similar in any German town, in front of the old Rathaus (City Hall), an opening of square …

The misty and beautiful sunset approached my horizons, here by the side of West Lake in Hangzhou. My breath was taken by its golden color, just ripe enough for me to pick if it were mango.
On the side, there were plenty citizens using the landside to enjoy the scenery and the cool wind.

People chatted; some playing chess, some young couples just simply enjoying their cotton candies, some just sat or read, kids playing around, and some senior citizens complete with their musical instruments are giving out free entertainment. …