Background: Traditionally, markets in Indonesia were not just places to trade goods and services, but also a place of cultural and social exchange. In the ancient days, markets open once a week (the Javanese calendar only has 5 days in a week; Pahing, Pon, Wage, Kliwon, and Legi) because the population was not as dense as today. The day on which the market is open is known as “dina pasaran” (market day). More over, every village had their own market day. This meant that anyone from a particular village, who …

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Konsep “Kota dalam Kota” di Kota Semarang
The old concept about “garden city” (Ebenezer Howard, town planner and English parliamentary member) that stated that city for living, city for working, should be held between commercial areas, is just an ancient theory, and cannot be implemented today because of it has cast a lot of problems. Thus because of this concept was already developed in many cities, including organic cities.

There are two theory described here about urban design and urban planning, those are the garden city movement and the city beautiful movement.

The Garden City Movement and a Scientific Approach
In his influential book Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Social Reform (1898), Ebenezer Howard, an English parliamentary stenographer, showed how workable and livable towns could be formed within the capitalist framework.

There are so many sayings about roads; “There are many roads that lead to Rome“, “Path of life” are just a couple of examples. I’m not going to go into details about the real definition of the word road as I’m sure that people have pretty much the same definition in their minds. But the roads that I’ll be discussing about here are the roads that are labeled made in Indonesia. That’s right, I’m gonna talk about Indonesian roads in general.

At many public places in cities, thousands of people come and go everyday, often carrying bulky packages. No metal detectors check them for weapons. And there is always the possibility that somewhere in the crowd is an unwanted person, a criminal, disgruntled employee, a jilted lover or a mental disorder patient on the edge, of those who could be dangerous for our safety. The situation might be more uncontrollable if there was no safety guards inside.