The Aesthetic Landscape Theory, Yoshinobu Ashihara
Inside and Outside
In many parts of the world interior and exterior space seems to have a certain homogeneity. Attitudes and dress differ little depending on whether one is “inside” or “outside”.
Views from Within and Views from Without
Masonry construction in the West and post-and-beam construction in Japan’s traditional architecture are also distinguished by completely different approaches to viewing the landscape. For example: Gothic, Renaissance, and Baroque architecture provides an

The elements of urban design Theory, Hamid Shirvani :

Land use has been the focus of traditional physical planning as well as recent general and community development plans.

Building form and massing are traditional zoning ordinances deal with this aspect of physical from by setting specifics of height, setbacks, and coverage.

Circulation and parking; it is realistic to assume that the automobile has become an essential part of American life and that the trend will probably continue in the future

Open space holds different meanings for different professionals. Here it is …

The Image of the City Theory, Kevin Andrew Lynch, from the book of “ Image of the City “ (MIT Press, 1960)

Paths are the channels along which the observer, customarily, occasionally, or potentially moves. Paths are the streets, sidewalks, trails, and other channels in which people travel
Edges are the linear elements not used or considered as paths by the observer. Edges are perceived boundaries such as walls, buildings, and shorelines;
Districs …