The first of these relationships was without doubt one of direct connection. If fire was red, then red was a quality of fire, and this was recognized by primitive people the world over.
The second type of color symbolism appears to depend not on direct connection but on association of ideas. For instance, black has often been connected in men’s minds with despair and death.
Finally, in a third type of symbolism the relation between the color and the idea is difficult

At many public places in cities, thousands of people come and go everyday, often carrying bulky packages. No metal detectors check them for weapons. And there is always the possibility that somewhere in the crowd is an unwanted person, a criminal, disgruntled employee, a jilted lover or a mental disorder patient on the edge, of those who could be dangerous for our safety. The situation might be more uncontrollable if there was no safety guards inside.

During the period of time the author has spent studying in Shanghai, he has often heard of various major planning issues. In some lecture series, the Danwei community was highlighted. However, in this short written piece, the author would like to focus on the smaller problems that lie underneath larger planning issues: the human aspect of a city. Particularly the way people behave in public, in relation to Shanghai’s “seven don’ts”. This article will take a closer look at the “seven don’ts” and question whether or not it has been …

Skala
Permukiman sebagai tempat (sarana) hidup manusia dapat digolongkan dalam 2 skala yaitu: 1) Permukiman (Skala makro) Human Settlement, dan 2) Perumahan (Skala Mikro) Housing
Unsur Permukiman
Unsur permukiman itu sendiri yaitu antara lain berupa wadah, tanah / lahan yang digunakan, dan pengisi, penghuni yang terdiri dari makhluk hidup dan benda tak hidup. Permukiman dapat dibedakan menjadi tiga karakter yaitu: 1) More agriculture (traditional countries), dengan ciri pertanian menjadi mata pencarian utama (Irian jaya),

 
Edited from Ariyanti (2008): “Themed Town, Thames Town” an unpublished article for Campus of Architecture and Urban Planning at Tongji University, Shanghai
It was a cloudy Saturday and our group of formerly 14 people has been reduced to 8 from the morning visit to Anting New Town. Exhausted, we found out that Thames Town is really far out from to the other direction, the only way to get there was with a cab, since our limited Chinese, we asked our friend to instruct the taxi driver how to get there. After …